• Explaining doping in material research (Hf substitution in ZnO films) by directly quantifying the van der Waals force 

      Lai, Chia-Yun; Santos Hernandez, Sergio; Moser, Toni; Alfakes, Boulos; Lu, Chun-Yu; Olukan, Tuza Adeyemi; Rajput, Nitul; Boström, Tobias; Chiesa, Matteo (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-02-04)
      Non-monotonic behavior has been observed in the optoelectronic properties of ZnO thin films as doped with Hf (HZO). Here we propose that two competing mechanisms are responsible for such behaviour. Specifically, we propose that provided two crystal orientations dominate film growth, only one of them might be responsible for direct Hf substitution. Nonmonotonic behaviour is expected at once by ...
    • Role of hafnium doping concentration on the structural and surface properties of ZnO surfaces 

      Moser, Toni (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-05-31)
      The presented thesis deals with the characterisation of hafnium doped zinc oxides with focus on the application as transparent conducting film (TCF) or electron transport layer (ETL) in heterojunction solar cells. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electrical and optical methods have been applied to characterise the examined ...